Nutrition
Sugars are white crystalline carbohydrates that are soluble in water and generally have a sweet taste.
Monosaccharides are simple sugars
Monosaccharide classifications based on the number of carbons
Number of Carbons |
Category Name | Examples |
---|---|---|
4 | Tetrose | Erythrose, Threose |
5 | Pentose | Arabinose, Ribose, Ribulose, Xylose, Xylulose, Lyxose |
6 | Hexose | Allose, Altrose, Fructose, Galactose, Glucose, Gulose, Idose, Mannose, Sorbose, Talose, Tagatose |
7 | Heptose | Sedoheptulose, Mannoheptulose |
Many saccharide structures differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl groups (-OH). This slight structural difference makes a big difference in the biochemical properties, organoleptic properties (e.g., taste), and in the physical properties such as melting point and Specific Rotation (how polarized light is distorted). A chain-form monosaccharide that has a carbonyl group (C=O) on an end carbon forming an aldehyde group (-CHO) is classified as an aldose. When the carbonyl group is on an inner atom forming a ketone, it is classified as a ketose.
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