Clocks can measure time even when they do not show the right time. You just have to wind the clock up and…
We have to suppose that the journey to the friend and back lasts exactly the same time and the friend has a clock (showing the correct time) – it would be too easy if mentioned in the riddle.
Now there is no problem to figure out the solution, is there?

55,73,107
“Fifty” is five (5) characters, plus 50 (the number) = 55.
“Sixty Three”: 10 characters + 63 = 73
“One hundred” : 10characters +100=110

Switch the camels

You have to Lit Match First , so you can light candle or lamp.

Start fire on both ends of one igniter cord and on one end of the second igniter cord. The very moment the first cord (where both ends burn) stops burning (that is after 30 minutes), start fire on the other end of the second cord (otherwise it would burn another 30 minutes). Thus the second igniter cord burns just 15 minutes from then. And that is all together 45 minutes.

All you have to do is pour some water into the pipe so that the ball swims up on the surface.

Edit:
oysterboy22’s wording solution: none of those random things are going to help you, but the whole point is the person thinks they have to use the tools, while what they really have to do is urinate in the hole.

The dish will be full at 12:44.

Answer for old wording:
The saucer was half full at 11.59 – the next minute there will be twice as many of them there (so full at 12.00).

Recognize that only declarative statements have a truth value.
Don’t make a declarative statement; that way it won’t be the truth or a lie.
Here are three possibilities:

[1] Remain silent. – or if you must say something, ask a question
[2] Why do you want to kill me? – or exclaim something:
[3] No! Please do not kill me!

lets say x is the total height of the pole…
x/2 + x/3 + 8 = x
(3x+2x+48)/6 = x
5x+48 = 6x
x = 48

$13,212