Unless Alpha and Beta are born to different mothers (same father), Delta is Alpha’s maternal grandfather.

Since Alpha is Beta’s sister AND Gamma is Beta’s mother, unless Alpha was born to a different mother (but to same father as Beta so that (s)he can be Beta’s  (step)sister), Gamma must be the mother of Alpha as well. Also, it is given that Delta is Gamma’s father, i.e., Alpha and Beta’s mother’s father – in other words, maternal grandfather.

:One possible solution:

Yet another repeat, for the umpteenth time…!! Only the names and animals are changed.

Cat, Dog & Monkey | Puzzle Fry

3.162 times.

Richter scale is exponential.  Since 1 point corresponds to 10, half a point (0.5) should be Sqrt(10) ≈ 31.162 times.

TULIPs…!

With any shape other than circle, the edges of the cover needs to be positioned in a specific precise alignment to cover the hole correctly, whereas in case of a circle, no such alignment requirements are there. Also, if the cover is in any other shape, due to the specific alignment requirement, a mis-aligned cover is likely to fall into the hole (To avoid such an ‘accident’, the cover will have to be much larger than the hole), whereas in case of a circular hole and cover, this won’t happen.

The question, in its present form, is seriously faulty. It seems that some crucial information / part is missing, because, as such there are many four-digit numbers that can result in a 4-digit palindrome by reversing the digits and adding, e.g. 1234 + 4321 = 5555, 2314 + 4132 = 6446; 1432 + 2341 = 3773 etc.

Multiple answers are possible. E.g., Planet Saturn has many rings, but no fingers. A partial solar eclipse can have a ‘ring’ without fingers. And you can have (ear) rings even though you don’t have any fingers or even hands!

If you consider the word ‘ring’ only (in any sense), a telephone also has a ‘ring’ (sound / tone) but no fingers.

8

The seaman lied. A Japanese ship must be flying the national flag of Japan which is horizontally and vertically symmetrical, and hence “upside down” makes no sense.