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The tail is composed of 7 triangles (Tip = 3, middle section 3 + 1 touching the body), the body has 3 and the head, 10 (Head + 2 ears + mouth + eyes, 3 each).  

Answer: 41312432

Between the 4’s, there are 4 digits. viz., 1,3,1, and 2;
Between the 1’s, there is one 3;
Between the 3’s, there are three, i.e., 1, 2, and 4;
and between the 2’s, there are 4 and 3.

Just ONE should suffice. (1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + … ~1)

She shot the turkey with a CAMERA.

5,71,58,06,04,870

Explanation:

6 x (6 – 1) = 30;
30 x (30 – 1) = 870;
870 x (870 – 869) = 756030;
756030 x (756030 – 1) = 5,71,58,06,04,870

Even though there is some lack of clarity in the wording of the question, it seems to be pointing at MOD.

Reasoning: The question says  “If I tell you any one character of the code, you can easily find out the number of vowels in the codeword.” Out of the five words in the code, all words except MOD contains two vowels each. Hence, ‘finding out the No. of vowels’ won’t help if the code word is any of these. i.e., the information provided is of no use because multiple words have same No. of vowels. So, the ‘No. of vowels’ clue makes sense only for MOD that has only one vowel.

An ISLAND, by definition, is in the middle of water, and the letter ‘T‘ is also in the middle of WATER.

Monday, like Tuesday, Wednesday etc., is a ‘WEE(A)K Day, and the weakness ends by Saturday.

The alignment of the trees indicate wind blowing from right to left whereas the smoke from the chimney is shown flowing the opposite way.