400

15 x 2 – 1 = 29
29 x 2 – 2 = 56
56 x 2 – 4 = 108
108 x 2 – 8 = 208
208 x 2 – 16 = 400

119

When counted in twos, 59 x 2 = 118 and reminder = 1
When in 3’s, 39 x 3 = 117 and reminder = 2
In 4’s, 29 x 4 = 116 and reminder = 3
In 5’s, 23 x 5 = 115 and reminder = 4
In 6’s, 19 x 6 = 114 and reminder = 5
AND
17 x 7 = 119.

Wholesome..!

11,11,11,111

9 x 8 – 7 + 6 + 5 x 4 = 72 – 7 + 6 + 20 = 91

(Other solutions also may be possible)

Microsoft

The question doesn’t say anything about the packing composition of the boxes. Each box contains cupcakes, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that the cakes are placed directly inside the boxes. (Each of them may be packed in separate packets or smaller boxes)

So, the daughter took a the medium / larger sized box, ate the cakes in it, and put one of the other boxes inside the empty one, so that, in the morning, all available boxes (only two) contain three cakes (one of cake-containing boxes being inside another box).

18

5 x 8 = 40
5 x 6 = 30
8 x 3 = 24
6 x 3 = 18

$17,760

Let the No. of men who were present be X, and No. of women, Y. The total amount spent would be 45X + 60Y

It is given that 1/9 of men and 1/12 of women employees were present. i.e., X is 1/9 of total men and Y is 1/12 of total women.
Hence, total No. of employees  = 9X + 12Y =  3552.

45X + 60Y = (9X + 12Y) x 5

=> Amount spent = 3552 x 5 = 17,760.

Jacob

We have two possibilities:
(1) John is the liar and Jacob says the truth OR
(2)  Jacob is the liar and John says the truth.

In both the cases, we have two possible outcomes of the call:
(a) John attended the call OR
(b) Jacob attended it.

Assuming (1) was correct, i.e., John is the liar:

If (a) were correct, i.e., John attended the call, then he would have said ‘no’ because he’s the liar, and hence wouldn’t have admitted it. But the person who attended the call said ‘Yes’. So, it can’t be John who picked the call. i.e., it must be Jacob.

Now, if we assume that (2) was correct, i.e., Jacob is the lair. Then:

If (a) were correct, i.e., John attended the call, he would have told the truth – that he does not lie. But the person said ‘Yes’. So, it can’t be John who attended the call. It must be Jacob,

Thus, in either case, it must be Jacob who attended the call.